Neglected Diseases Neglected Tropical Diseases - 1215 Words

â€Å"More than one billion people, one-sixth of the world’s population, suffer from one or more Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)† (â€Å"Neglected Tropical Diseases†). NTDs or Neglected Tropical Diseases affect all low-income countries, due to the fact that they are unable to afford the treatment it takes to deal with the diseases. It is often neglected due to the fact that larger, more globally impactful diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria are being widely recognized. Although these diseases are significant to all countries of the world, NTDs still have devastating effects on millions of people every day. The fact that there are neglected diseases less funded and recognized than certain global diseases is a human rights violation. Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) affect the world s poorest people, NTDs impair physical and cognitive development, contribute to mother and child illness and death, make it difficult to farm or earn a living, and li mit productivity in the workplace (Neglected Tropical Diseases, CDC). Neglected diseases can be devastating due to the fact that it causes disablements, which leads to the inability to work, become pregnant, efficiency, and the children that are impacted by NDs can be stunted in their growth. Since most of these occurrences happen in underdeveloped countries where treatment is unavailable, the diseases keep the poverty cycle going. Out of all 2.7 billion people, about half have at least one of these diseases becauseShow MoreRelatedEnd Neglected Tropical Diseases Act2583 Words   |  11 Pages Legislative Process Review: End Neglected Tropical Diseases Act (2015) Steven E Stefanowicz, Jr., BSN, RN Drexel UniversityAbstract This paper explores the federal legislative process, specifically in regards to House of Representatives’ Bill 1797 (H.R. 1797), formally known as the End Neglected Tropical Diseases Act. Information in regards to the legislative bill and process, including current and relevant legislative actions, proposed intent, and relevance to the fields of health careRead MorePharmaceutical Companies Are Entering Into Public Private Partnerships1347 Words   |  6 Pagespharmaceutical companies apparently commit fraud, cover up their mistakes, and increase prices of their products for maximum profits. This criticism of pharmaceutical companies is sometimes justified, especially in the issue of neglected tropical diseases (NTD). NTDs are a group of diseases that predominantly affect less-economically developed populations but are eliminated in the developed world. Effective treatment for various NTDs have existed since the last century, but pharmaceutical companies have historicallyRead MoreCauses And Treatment Of Lymphatic Filariasis2017 Words   |  9 PagesLymphatic filariasis related to Wuchereria bancrofti INTRODUCITON Seventeen distinct diseases run rampant through developing countries, known as the neglected tropical diseases. They infect an average of 2.7 billion people world wide, but mainly infect those living in poverty stricken countries. These diseases can lead to life-long disabilities, disfigurement, and promote poverty. Most of the infected countries live on an average of two U.S. dollars a day with no access to healthcare, making someRead MoreHuman Disease Case Study1058 Words   |  5 Pageswhilst affecting more restricted populations and less livestock, causes more serious health problems with vesicles in the lungs and liver that invade and destroy surrounding tissues. Despite the number of human cases being relatively low the global disease burden is still in excess of 666 000 DALYs due to a mortality rate of up to 75% (Torgerson, 2013). 90% of cases occur on the Tibetan plateau of China and through remote areas of Eastern Europe and Alaska, corresponding to regions where a high pre valenceRead MoreThe Viological Theory Of Emerging Infectious Diseases928 Words   |  4 Pageshumans and vice-versa. Emerging infectious diseases are those that are newly discovered, newly evolved, or experiencing recent expansion of incidence, geography, host or vector range (Chomel, 2008). Viruses and bacteria are the most numerous of emerging pathogens, however parasites and particularly protozoa more so that helminths have also become adept at finding new ways to prosper. In the fight for resource prioritisation, the ‘Emerging Infectious Diseases’ have often demanded attention, leavingRead MoreNicaragua And Its Effects On The United States1443 Words   |  6 Pagessystem in particular. Families did not have access to any type of medicine, unless they lived in the village and had money to spend. However, this was not the case for many of the families in the village so several of them suffered and fell ill to diseases and infections. Also, the water was not very clean and access to clean water, once again, could only be found in cities. 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The disease is quite widespread in tropical regions. Most reports of Dengue fever are from areas of the Caribbean, Central and South America, Africa, Southeast Asia and China, India, the Middle East, Australia and the South and Central Pacific. Global estimates and studies indicate that each year there are between 50-100Read MoreFemale Genital Schistosomiasis: Diagnosis and Treatment758 Words   |  4 PagesA few weeks ago, I introduced Huffington Post readers to a group of important diseases that most had never heard of -- neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In that piece, I mentioned one disease that has a particularly devastating impact on girls and women in developing countries -- female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a parasitic disease carried by fresh water snails. It is transmitted by contact with contaminated fresh water, so swimmingRead MoreSOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS Soil transmitted helminthes are one of the most common worm infections1300 Words   |  6 PagesAscaris infections can be prevented by good sanitary practices, examples washing your hands after using the toilet. Kids should be well supervised to make sure they don’t eat the soil and make sure they don’t eat their feces as in very poor and neglected rural communities. Hookworms are among the soil transmitted helminthes with ascaris and whipworms they have similar mode of infections and sometimes its larvae can be ingested. They live in the small intestines. Most people infected with hook worms

Personal Leadership An Effective Leadership Style

PERSONAL LEADERSHIP PORTRAIT Developing an effective leadership style requires one to become aware of their strengths and weakness when operating in the role of a servant leader. Identifying personal preference can assist with better aligning expectations and goals that one would like to see demonstrated in those they lead. Taking on the role as a servant leader requires patience, understanding, and most importantly compassion for others. As a servant leader he or she should always consider ways to make the organization or agency better as a whole. This paper will identify one leadership theory or style that best aligns with my own personal thoughts of what leadership means. This paper will provide information as it pertains to†¦show more content†¦Transformational Leadership style is a leadership style which focuses on the importance of the personal development of others. Transformational leadership motivates and inspires others to operate to their full potential. Transform ational leadership places more focus on improving the overall group performance than singling out just one individual. Transformational leadership is demonstrated in those who provide inspiration to others as well as positive role modeling for those they come in contact with. Transformational leadership best aligns with my own personal thoughts, feelings, and style of leadership when serving others. Transformational leaders transform followers by transforming follower’s values and beliefs (Bradley Charbonneau,2004). Leadership Characteristics As serving in the role of a public service leader my ability to remain compassionate and helpful when interacting with others has enabled me to help create and foster a peaceful environment within my organization. Understanding that everyone has their own special gifts and talents has assisted me with better understanding one’s abilities, strengths and weaknesses. In the field of public service, it is very important that servant leaders encourage others to rise to every occasion both personally and professionally. Being an advocate for growth, change, and humility can ignite the passion and love for the human services filed in others.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Leadership Reflection Plan836 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP REFLECTION PAPER Leadership Reflection Paper Shaynee Olson February 18th, 2013 University of Phoenix CUR/510 Dr. Park Abstract The purpose of this research is a self-reflection on the author’s personal leadership style. This research will include qualities of effective leadership, the author’s philosophy of leadership, and examples of the author’s leadership style. This research will also include a reflection of the author’s personal strengths as well as how theRead Moresat 2 Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages My Leadership Style Analysis WGU Leadership SAT2 Task 1 My Leadership Style Analysis A1. Leadership Style Evaluation There are many different leadership styles. After reading the assigned chapters for this task. I was able to identify my own leadership style as a result. In order to know my leadership style, I took a series of assessments in order to determine my personal leadership style. Assessments I took that helped me to determine my personal leadership style are: â€Å"theRead MoreThe Adoption Of An Effective Leadership Style995 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The adoption of an effective leadership style is necessary to achieve Organizational goals and to enhance productively. According to Riaz, Haider, (2010), organizations are expected to carry out tasks with limited resource to the maximum level in order to maintain the competitive edge and sustain profitability position of the organization. Therefore, it is imperative for organizations to adopt leadership styles with characteristics of motivating, directing and influencing employeesRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Moral Lapse1633 Words   |  7 PagesLeaders fail often. The challenges of leadership are often complex and extremely demanding, which often leads to leadership failure. For most failure leads to a dead end while for others growth is achieved from failures. From former president John F. Kennedy’s moral lapse to the defeats of Apple founder Steve Jobs, the road to leadership can be devastating. Being a leader is fluid, and involves many unforeseen factors and traits. John F. Kennedy as this countries leader helped pave the way forRead MoreLeadership Styles With Personal Leadership Style973 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Leadership is a vital part of the business environment because it entails of giving direction to member in order to accomplish a common goal. Leadership styles are important aspects of an organization because certain techniques are more effective in different situations. When leadership is effective, then the outcomes are positive and desired goals are attained. 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Taxation - Theory - Practice & Law Capital Gain

Question: Discuss about theTaxation,Theory,Practice Lawfor Capital Gain. Answer: Introduction The report centers on the detail analysis of Freds overall net capital gain covering the various related transactions, noted after his involvement in the purchase of his holiday house. The study basically denotes the importance of learning the required laws of calculation in order to understand the concepts of overall net gain and net loss. Fred, the example of study in this report, demands the understanding of law as the home functions, development, and renovation comes under the Australians law of government strategies which even includes other taxation laws as per the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1977. This is done to make computation (Mertens, 1942). Concerning with the net capital gain or loss of Fred, the report personally evaluates and analyses the various facts and figures relating to the explanation to set the capital loss/gain method. Here it is important to note that, there are transactions that do not follow the computational method of capital research. The term computati on is imperative to understand as the concepts of net capital gain/loss and superannuation adopts the computation functionality (Graetz Schenk, 2009). Every layout is basically based on the computation tool. Computation definition hence is described by various tax and law scholars with each definition carrying specific application for different purposes and situation. Superannuation is the process of accumulating or gathering funds from the people to give them at the time retirement (Cronin et al., 2013). Calculation of Capital Gain for Fred Computation Of Capital Gain For FRED For The Year Ended On 30 June Particulars Amount (in$) Total Amount (in $) Add: #Proceeds of selling holiday home in the current year 800,000.00 Less: Cost Base of holiday home in 1987 100,000.00 700,000.00 Less: Total legal fees 2100.00 697900.00 Add: Cost base of garage 20,000 717900.00 Less: Cost of garage after indexation 20000*123.4/71.3 34,614.30 683,285.70 Less: Agent commission 9900.00) 673,385.70 Less: Stamp duty payable on acquisition (2000.00) 671,385.70 Less: Previous Year Capital Loss Deduction (10,000.00) Total capital gain 661,385.70 Less: 50% discount for using property for more than 12 months (330692.85) Net capital gain 330692.85 Exceptions and Exemptions: As mentioned above, there are certain values or transactions that do not obey the capital gain or capital loss concept. So, here various examples are quoted in order to the get a clear idea of what are these values. Examples like reimbursement requested for any specific illness or injury, assets that are required before 20 September 1985, people having personal asset of $ 10,000. These examples are the values or the asset that are considered disdain if implemented. Cars, vehicles or motorcycle, again cannot be included in the capital profit/loss category and is disdained if owned for 10,000 or less (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). Other examples like the collection of items like painting worth $500 or less is not counted under the computation, various items like family homes that are detached from the original housing. What will be the answer if there is a sale of an antique vase? What about the answer if the loss is resulted from the sale of an antique vase. Well, if my analysis is concerned, Fred faces an utter loss because of his selling of the antique vase (Musgrave, 1969). This conclusion is deriving from the subtraction of the loss received by the sale of shares, which Fred intended for his personal or private use and hence his net capital is more than $ 10,000. An Overall Analysis on the Fringe Benefits and Fringe Benefits Tax It is now a known fact that the tax is a resultant of fringe benefit which indeed sets the introduction and importance of fringe benefit analysis. This report gives a detail account of the fringe benefit and fringe benefit tax including various context and discussions by different scholars. Fringe benefits cover the additional benefit that increases the employees salary. Subsidized meal, company car, health insurance and more are the distinct examples. Fringe Benefit anyway is described with various point of analysis (Vickrey, 1947). As per the employer point of view, Fringe benefit is considered as a free partner and contractor resting between two employees where in certain cases the tax is let off. These are few examples of fringe benefit under the taxation sanction (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). The fair market cost is included for all those receive fringe benefit tax, in that year. Fringe Benefit also gives advantage to the employee, their family and the acquaintances (Rowley, Tolliso n Tullock, 2013). This extra amount is added to the wage package or salary. Fringe benefit, unlike the income tax, is assessed every year from 1st April to 31st March. The fringe benefits tax (FBT), in Australia, is regulated by the Australian Fringe Benefit Tax Act, 1988. The FBT anyways, in the recent few years is classified into different sections, mentioned below: Expense payment fringe benefits Debt waiver fringe benefits Housing fringe benefits Loan fringe benefits Car parking fringe benefits Board fringe benefits Living away from home allowance fringe benefits Residual fringe benefits Property fringe benefits including the goods, property or shares Living Away From Home Fringe Benefits Living away from home, shortly addressed as LAFTA, is the allowances provided for living away from the original residence. The employer, in this case, gives the employee some benefit for staying away from the home for his personal duties. But the strategy sometime encounters disadvantages (Musgrave, 1969). Property Fringe Benefits In this type of benefit, the employee receives a discounted property from the employer, which is clearly seen in the case of Emma. Emma purchases a bathtub of cost $1300 whose actual market value is $2600. By this, she gets a discount of 50% from the company (Willis, Pennell Postlewaite, 2006). Board Fringe Benefits In Board Fringe Benefit, the employees are given with the permission relating to the two required meal of the day and accommodation (Blum Kalven, 1978). Housing Fringe Benefits In this type of benefit, the employee is provided with the right over the accommodation and rents or even license. The employee attains the residential rights, as the strategy grants the unit as a whole (Blum Kalven, 1978). Debt Waiver Fringe Benefits In this type of benefit, the employer lets off the employee from paying the debt. Car Parking Fringe Benefit Well, the application and utility of this benefit can arise in different situations like: if a car is parked in the area of the employer or if car parking exceeds the time frame like 7am to 7pm, in case if the car is parked in the employees place of work, if employment considered for granting a parking, is there is a commercial area available within 1 km radius of the employee work area or if the employee manages the car (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). Car Fringe Benefit In case of car fringe benefit, the employee receives a car either he has rented for his personal use or of his own asset. Expense Fringe Benefit In this type of benefit, the employer gives a certain amount to the employee to pay it to the third party and if not made, this will make the employee answerable or else the employee will recompense the expanses met in the end. Emma receives the advantage from the fringe benefit from the compensation for the vehicle and hence qualifies the expenses from it Loan Fringe Benefits Here the employee gets a loan that is at less interest rate that that of existing banks. For Emma, she got a loan of $500000 at 4.5% interest which is not like that accrued by existing banks. As FBT is taken, this is 47% rate (Friedman et al, 2000). FBT Consequences for the Company Car receives the fringe benefit and is given to Emma for her personal use according to the provision of FBTA, s 7. Depending on the cost basis strategies and other additional information, the constitutional methods are used here: Taxable value = (0.2 * $33,000 x 330/365) = $5,967 Base value = cost of the car Number of days car provided as fringe benefit = 330 (car listed for annual repairs and the car is unavailable for personal use. Accessibility of the car until Emma gives it to her employee, parked at airport. Emma receives no recipient for the reimbursement for the expenses. Repayment of Emmas motor vehicle expenses This is excused under FTBA, s 53 but is adapted for the expense payment fringe. Loan of $500,000 Provision of the loan is a loan fringe benefit: FBTAA, Div 4 Taxable value = $500,000 x (5.95% - 4.45%) x (212/365) = $4,356 NB: As Emma does not use loan for earning assessable income, no reduction is attained for tax under deductible rule. Purchase of bathtub for $1,300 Bathtubs are sold under the ordinary business plan of Periwinkle: FBTA, Division 11 as bathtub are considered as house fringe property. The taxable value of the bathtub is reduced by $1, 3000 for recipients payment of $650. Bathtubs are manufactured and distributed by Periwinkle to the public in the ordinary course business, hence the taxable cost= 75% x $2,600, which is in fact the lowest price sold to the public which equal to $1,950. Since the bathtub belongs to the house fringe benefit, the taxable value is decreased below s 62 FTBA considering as no other in-house advantage to the Emma in that year. After subtracting the taxable value from each fringe benefit, it is important to find out the Type/Type2 declaration of the fringe benefit. Car = Type 1 fringe benefit (as the amount is GST comprehensive and supposition is done about Periwinkle being unrestricted to input tax credits) Loan = Type 2 fringe benefit (it is a financial supply; therefore no GST is applicable) Assume that taxable value of bathtub is reduced to 0. Fringe benefits taxable amount = ($5,967x 2.0802) + ($4,356x 1.8868) = $12,413+ $8,219 = $20,632. Fringe benefits tax liability = 47% x $20,632 = $9,697 Therefore, Periwinkle must pay FBT of $9,697 in relation to the above items. What will be the Answer if Emma Purchases the Shares by Herself? The variation in the answer is expected. If Emma buys all the shares by herself by the means of $50,000 loan amount, then the cost will be used to produce income. It is because they take the dividends from the organization that is profitable and gets the amount of deduction from the equivalent interest rate. Loan fringe benefit, in this case gets lower by 10% ($50,000/$ 50,000) according to the deductible rule proposed under s 19 of the FBT Act. Conclusion and Suggestions After reading the study, it must be clear by now that the analysis of the case of the Periwinkle Company and Emma, the benefits received by Emma comes from the company. It has to pay under benefit tax which is directly exposed according to this advantage. Well, it quite evident that Fringe benefit has offered standard jobs to the employer. But it is matter of fact that the workers will certainly perform well if motivated properly, thoroughly, and continually (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). This why FBT must not anyway discourage the employees as it has a direct effect on their psychology and performance. FBT stress results in the discouragement of the employee affecting the work and leading to quitting of job and absenteeism. This will have a greater affect on the overall countrys economic condition and low income availability over the tax. As productivity encouragement persuades productivity, fringe benefit is given in order to motivate and encourage the employees to carefully allow the e mployee to keep good price at hand (Bittker Rahdert, 1976). This conceptual analysis on the case has resulted in the clear conclusion of the understanding of the term of capital gain/loss. The examples quoted are an attempt to make the basics apt and clear. The readers must correlate with the set examples and situations, to perform and adopt the meaning of the terms productively. References Areeda, P., Kaplow, L. and Edlin, A.S., 1988.Antitrust Analysis: problems, text, cases(p. 160). Boston: Little, Brown. Bittker, B.I. and Rahdert, G.K., 1976. The exemption of nonprofit organizations from federal income taxation.The Yale Law Journal,85(3), pp.299-358. Blum, W.J. and Kalven, H., 1978.The uneasy case for progressive taxation. University of Chicago Press. Friedman, E., Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D. and Zoido-Lobaton, P., 2000. Dodging the grabbing hand: the determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries.Journal of public economics,76(3), pp.459-493. Graetz, M.J. and Schenk, D.H., 2009.Federal Income Taxation: Principles and Policies. Foundation Press. Handler, J., 1978. Social movements and the legal system.New York: Academic. Hogg, P.W., 2007.Constitutional law of Canada. Thomson Carswell. Kerwin, C.M. and Furlong, S.R., 1994.Rulemaking: How government agencies write law and make policy(Vol. 999). CQ Press. Mertens, J., 1942.Law of Federal Income Taxation(Vol. 10). Callaghan. Musgrave, P.B., 1969.United States taxation of foreign investment income: Issues and arguments. Harvard Univ Harvard Law School. Paul, R.E., 1954.Taxation in the United States. Rowley, C., Tollison, R.D. and Tullock, G. eds., 2013.The political economy of rent-seeking(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Surrey, S.S. ed., 1972.Federal income taxation: cases and materials(Vol. 1). Foundation Press. Vickrey, W.S., 1947.Agenda for progressive taxation. The Ronald Press Company. Willis, A.B., Pennell, J.S. and Postlewaite, P.F., 2006.Partnership taxation. Wright, C.A., 1970.Handbook of the Law of Federal Courts. West Pub. Co..